Advances and applications of quantum technologies in space systems

Abstract

The convergence between quantum technologies and space systems represents one of the most significant developments in contemporary space exploration. This intersection of fields has generated revolutionary advances that are transforming our ability to explore, understand, and utilize space. The urgency of this integration has intensified significantly since 2020, driven by the growing demand for secure communications and the need for superior computational capabilities for spatial data processing. Fundamental developments in quantum computing, documented by Arute et al. (2019), established a turning point by demonstrating quantum supremacy, paving the way for space applications previously considered unfeasible. The Micius satellite experiments, described by Pan (2017), validated the feasibility of implementing quantum systems in the space environment, particularly in the field of secure quantum communications. These advances, together with the theoretical principles established by Nielsen and Chuang (2010), form the scientific basis upon which current space implementations are built. This study systematically examines the current advances and emerging applications of quantum technologies in space systems, addressing four fundamental areas selected for
their transformative impact and technological maturity: space quantum computing, satellite quantum communication, quantum sensors for space navigation, and quantum simulation of materials for space applications. The findings demonstrate significant improvements over classical technologies in all areas analyzed.